Bullous emphysema as first presentation of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in monozygotic twins

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, characterized by hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints, and fragile vessels, is the most common heritable disorder of connective tissue and has an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000. Pulmonary involvement with signs of lung destruction (bullous emphysema) as first presentation is unusual. We report a case of monozygotic twins 37 years old men with occasional evidence of bullous emphysema with previously undiagnosed Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV. We emphasize the importance of considering uncommon genetic causes of emphysema in young adults, discuss underlining pathophysiological mechanisms and propose a conservative management and follow-up.